stewart



' s sheets-sheet' 1.

' (No Model.)

J. STEWART.

PRESS.

r No. 334,485. Patented Jan. 19, 1886.

f2 mrww 62m@ MOM@ Wwm (No Model.) 3 sheets-sheet 2.

J. STEWART.

` PRESS. No. 334,485. l Patented Jan. 19, 1886.

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet `3.

. J. STEWART.

PRESS.

No. s343185; Patented Jan. 19,1886.`

. thvirl-3o STATES 'PATENT Ormea.

JOHN STEWART, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

PRESS.

SPECIFICATION' formingpart of Letters Patent No. 334,485, dated January 19, 1886.

Application tiled November' 2'?, 1885. Serial No. 183,675. (No model To all whom, it may concerm.

Be it known that I, JOHN STEWARI, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Newark, county of Essex, and State of New 5 Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Presses, of which the following is a specification.

My improvements relate to the class of presses known as toggle-presses,7 in which .the flexion of the toggle-levers is effected by means of a nut or nuts which travel upon a rotating screw-shaft. Two of these toggle` joints are usually incorporated in a single press, being opposed to eachother in position and actuated by a single screw-shaft formed with opposed or right and left screw-threads, which respectively engage with suitable nuts which support the central or knee knuckles directly.

This class of toggle-press, while applicable to a large variety of uses, is desirable where great pressure is required, particularly where the maximum degree of pressure is required to be exerted at or near the completion of the stroke, since it is obvious that in proportion as the togglelevers advance or straighten out -the pressure exerted by the platen will be gradually augmented while its motion will decrease correspondingly. The toggle-press is thus desirable where heavy pressures are to be applied intermittently and rapidly; but heretofore the strengthl and capacity of the apparatus have been limited and its construc- Ation'rendered complicated and expensive from the fact that the actuating screw-shaft has always been mounted so that it could follow with and adapt itself to the varying positions of the toggle-levers. In other words, the kneeyknuckles have always been rigidly attached to or formed a part ofthe actuating-nuts, and since the lower or ankle joints of the toggles were necessarily stationary in position the actuating-shaft, in order to render the device operativeat all, had necessarily to rise and fafl with and to the same extent as the platen. The mechanical inconvenience of applying Vpower to such a shaft is obvious. It will thus readily be seen that the lateral movement of the power-shaft is a disadvantage in a power- "o ress of this character, where the most essenial requisites are strength and durability combined with simplicity of construction and operation. y

By my invention I obviate these objectionable features and am enabled to produce a powerful and durable apparatus in a simple and compact form; and the main feature of my invention consists, essentially, in incorporating a third member or members into each toggle-joint, constituting in each case a link or links between the main or knee knuckle of each toggle and its actuating-nut. By this means I am enabled to mount my power-shaft so that it is stationary in position while free to revolve between fixed bearings, since the third lever or connecting-link, by its freedom to adapt itself to the changes in the vertical position of the knee-knuckles, will impart motion thereto in all respects like the old form of direct actuatingnut without any of its attending disadvantages.

Another feature in my invention relates to the special means of counteracting the lateral 'twist or strain exerted upon the nuts by the actuating-screw while in operation and it consists informing the nuts with lateral extensions, preferably provided with anti-friction` rollers, which rest between longitudinal shoulders or supports formed upon or attached to a stationary part of the apparatus. This feature, though not absolutely indispensable, is of import-ance in connection with my form of press, since it helps to insure the proper alignment and operation of my supplementary actuating levers or links.

' An incidental feature of my invention consists in making the anvil in the form of an adjustable screw, and in combining with it an index for the purpose of regulating the position of the pressure or resisting surface with relation to the stroke of the platen with accuracy. In the more delicate classes of workas in die work-this accurate and delicate adjustment of the anvil is of importance.

My invention also includes the special forms of construction hereinafter described.

It is to be understood that I do not limit myself strictly to the special form of press shown in the accompanying drawings, such form being shown merely as a means of illus- 10o trating the practical embodiment and opera-'fl` tion of my improvements,which are applicable to presses of various forms and uses. For instance, it is immaterial, as far as the iiivention is concerned, whether one or two toggles are used, or whether one or two supplemental levers or links are used in connection with each actuating-nut.

The apparatus may also be arranged to operate horizontally or at any intera'ening angle, if desirable, and the forni of the anvil or resisting-surface, as well as of the means for counteracting thc lateral strain upon the nut, may be modified to snit othei' circumstances and conditions.

Vith this explanation it may be stated that the press represented in the drawings is designed more especially for the compression of meta-ls, &c., between suitable dies to be interposed between the upper surface ofthe vertically-iiioving platen andthe lower resistingsurface of the adjustable screw or anvil.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is what may be designated as a front elevation of a power-press embodying my improvements, showingr the togglcs extended; Fig. 2, a sectional plan of same upon plane of line x m, Fig. l; Fig. 3, a sectional elevation of the apparatus, with t-he upper portion broken away and the two front columns removed from position to more clearly show the construction of the toggles, one of which, togetlier with its actuating-nut, is shown in section. In both Figs. 2 and 3 the toggles are shown as retracted. Fig. lis a vertical sectional clevatioii taken upon plane of line y y, Fig. l, the togglcs being represented as corresponding in position with the said Fig. l. Fig. 5 represents isomctrical details of one of the actu atiiig-nuts, link, friction-roller, Src., detached.

The apparatus is mounted upon a suitable bed, A, which affords adequate means for securing and supporting the bearings or standards B B' B2 in proper relation to each other.

Between and upon the bearings B B' Bl is mounted the horizontal shaft C.

Suitable means for applying power to and reversing the shalt C are arranged between the standards 13.13', that represented in the drawings, S, being my special form of speeding apparatus shown and described in Patent No. 252,537, dated January 17, 1882, which is used in connection with the ordinary mechanism for starting and reversing engine-lathes, 85e.

It is to be understood that I do not limit myself to this means of applying power to and reversing the motion ol' the shalt C, as any other well-known or suitable means may be substituted therefor, such means being independent and forming no part of my present invention.

The portion of the power-shaft C between the bearings B' and BZ is formed in about equal proportions with the right and left hand screw-threads c c', which engage with correspondingly-threaded nuts D and D', which u are free to travel longitudinally in opposite directions upon their respective portions of the shaft C. The nuts D D' are formed with laterally-projecting trunnions cl d, to which are pivotally connected 'my supplementary toggle levers or links E. These supplemental toggle levers or links E are preferably formed as shown in the drawings-that is, with the eye or socket e at one extremity for engagement with the tiunnions d d upon the nut and at the other extremity with the cylindrical portions or trunnions e', which constitute the knuckles for the central or knee joint formed by and between the hip-levers F F and anklelevers F' F', which combined constitute the toggles TT. The lower or ankle toggle levers, F' F', are pivotally connected to the stationary bed A', projecting upward from the bedplate A, while the upper or hip toggle-levers, F F, are similarly pivotally connected with the vertieallymoving platen H. The form of these pivotal connections may be varied and modified as desired without affectingthenovel use of the supplemental levers or links E E and other features of my invention, but I prefer to construct them as follows, to wit:

In the underside of tlie platen II, I forni seiiiicircular seats h 71 and in the upper side ofthe stationary bed A similar semicireular seats, a a, into which fit loose cylindrical trunnions t t'. The upper ends of the hip-levers F and the lower ends of the ankle-levers F' are respectively formed with corresponding seats or recesses, ff', which fit over and engagethe loose trunnions tt'. The lower ends of the hip-levers F F and the uppereiids of the anklelevers F' F' are correspondingly formed with seats or grroovesfzf3 foi' engagement with the link trunnions c' c', the adjoining portions of the ends of the levers F F' being in each case chamfered, as shown atff, or otherwise shaped, so as to permit of the free movement of all the levers or arms. The under edges of the hip-levers F and the upper edges of the ankle-levers F' F' are also formed centrally with the reccssfcf, (shown iii Figs. 2 and 3,) for the purpose of permitting of their free movement without contact with the shaft C'. These independent cylindrical trunnions t t, besides facilitating the takingapart or assembling ofthe apparatus, adapt themselves more readily to the strain imposed, and distribute it more evenly throughouttlie entire bearing- IOO IIO

surface than where the old form of hinge-joint is used, so that there is less friction and wear. The platen H rests upon the upper trunnions, t t, and between the columns or uprights I I, which are preferably, though not necessarily, square in cross-section, and four in number, the platen being notched or shouldered, as shown at It' h', to engage the inner edges ot the columns I. The latter are preferably mide hollow, and firmly secured to the base A by strong stay-bolts J J, passing centrally thror gli them and secured by nutsjj to the cross-head K K, which rests upon the top of the columns I I. This cross-head K, being formed with an interior central female screw-tliread, c stitutes a stationary nut for the large sere anvil L, the lower surface, Z, of which affor the necessary resistance to the upward thrust of the platen H. The screw-threads upon the f anvil `L and in the nut K are preferably large in cross-section and of slight pitch, so as to re- 5 sist eifectually the pressure from below; and

the screw-anvil L is provided with a handwheel, I', or equivalent device, by which the vertical adjustment of the pressure-surfacel may be effected.

A stationary index-point, k, projects from a stationary part ofthe apparatus in proximity to the periphery of the hand-wheel, where the latter is used, and constitutes a means, when compared with the scale upon the periphery of the wheel I', of indicating the downward projection of the vresisting-surface Z below. Other means may be employed, if preferred, for thus indicating and regulating the position of the resisting-surface Z.

In order to resist the lateral strain upon the nuts D, and their consequent tendency to revolve with the shaft C, lateral projections n n are formed to project from the nuts D D', in such manner as to engage stationary ways or 5 shoulders o o, formedupon or attached to stationary parts of the apparatus. These lateral projections -n n are preferably formed as continuations of the trunnions d d, and they are also preferablyprovidedwith anti-friction rollers a n', which rest in the grooves oo,formed by and between the opposed stationary shoulders o o, so that no matter what the direction of motion of the shaft C may be the lateral projections a will sustain the nuts in proper alignment, and if the anti-friction rollers n n are used will facilitate the movement of the said nuts D D in either direction. The stationary shoulders o o are of course arranged parallel to the actuating-shaft G.

lIhe operation of the apparatus is as follows: The togglcs T having been deflected or separated, substantially as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, by causing the shaft G to rotate in the proper direction by the usual means, the male and female dies, with the material to be compressed or shaped between them, are placed upon the platen H and the motion of the shaft C reversed, thereby causing the screws c c' to pro-- pel the nuts D D toward each other. This movement is transferred by the supplemental levers or links E, through the trunnions e e, to the toggle-levers F F', causing them to gradually assume a vertical or nearly vertical position, as shown in Fig. l, thus compressing the material between the dies placed between the upper surface of the platen H and the under surface of the anvil Z. The direction of motion being again changed, the platen is caused to again descend, .when the operation, as before set forth, may be repeated.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In a power-press substantially such as designated, the combination, with a stationary rotating shaft formed with a screw-thread and with a toggle-joint, one lever of which is pivotally connected to a stationary part of the apparatus and the other lever of which is pivotally connected to a movable platen, of a traveling uut engaging the said screw-thread and provided with a supplementary link or lever by which the said nut is pivotally connected with and actuates the said toggle-lever, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.

2. In a power-press substantially such as designated, the combination, with a stationary rotating shaft formed with a right and left screw-thread and with a pair of togglejoints, the extremities of which are pivotally connected with a stationary part of the apparatus and the other extremities of which are pivotally connected with a movable platen, of oppositely-moving nuts engaging the said right and left screw-threads formed upon the stationary revolving shaft, said nuts 'being provided with supplemental levers or links by which the said nuts are pivotally connected with and actuate the said toggle-levers, substantially in the manner and for the purpose' described.

3. In a power-press substantially such as designated, the combination, with one or more toggle-joints actuated by a nut or nuts movable upon screwthreads formed upon the power-shaft, of a loose cylindrical trunnion or trunnions seated in a suitable bearing or bearings formed in either or both the movable platen and tue stationary bed and in similar concentric bearings in the extremities of the toggle-levers, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.

et. In a power-press substantially such as designated, the combination, with a rotating shaft formed with one or more screw-threads and with one or more toggle-joints, the levers of which are respectively pivot-ally connected to a stationary part of the apparatus and to a movable platen, of a traveling nutor nuts formed with one or more lateral projections which engage stationary shoulders which are parallel with the said actuating-shaft, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.

5. In a power press substantially such as designated, the combination, with a stationary revolving shaft formed with one or more screw-threads and with one or more togglejoints, the levers of which are respectively pivotally connected with a stationary part of the apparatus and to a movable platen, of a traveling nut or nuts formed with one ormore lateral projections provided with frictionrollers which engage stationary shoulders which are parallel with the saidactuatingshaft, substantiallyin the manner and for the purpose described.

6. In a power-press substantially such as designated, the combination, with a stationary rotating shaft formed with one or more screwthreads and with one or more toggle-joints, the levers of which are respectively pivotally connected with a stationary part ofthe apparatus and to a movable platen and with a IOO traveling nut or nuts engaging the said screw or screws upon the aetuating-shaft, of an anvil or pressure surface, consisting 010.2J screw which engages a female screw formed in a stationary partei' the apparatus, substantially in the manner and for the purpose de scribed.

7. In a power-press substantially such as desi gnated7 the combination, with a stationary revolving shaft formed with one or more Screw-threads and with one or more togglen joints, the levers of which are respectively pivotally connected with a stationary part of the apparatus and to a movable platen, and

with a traveling nut or nuts engaging the said screw or screws upon the said actuating-shaft and with an adjustable anvil or preseure-surface, ofa stationaryindicator-point and a gage upon the said adj ustable anvil for regulating and indicating the position of the said pressuresurfaee with relation to the said movable platen, substantially n the manner and for the purpose described.

JOHN STEWART'.

itnessesr WM. GARDNER, GEO. W. MIATT. 

